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"930316.DFC" (63763 bytes) was created on 03-16-93 16-Mar-93 Daily File Collection These files were added or updated between 15-Mar-93 at 21:00:00 {Central} and 16-Mar-93 at 21:00:24. =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:930316.REL 3/16/93: NASA, LEARJET JOIN TO CREATE NEW BUSINESS JET TECHNOLOGIES Drucella Andersen Headquarters, Washington, D.C. Marc Michael Mewhinney Ames Research Center, Mountain View, Calif. RELEASE: 93-46 NASA and Learjet Inc., Wichita, Kan., will work together on new technologies and design methods for the development and test of a new high performance business jet. Under a recently-signed agreement, NASA and Learjet engineers will study aircraft size and aerodynamics to create a sleek, economical plane using state-of-the-art supercomputers and wind tunnels at NASA's Ames Research Center, Mountain View, Calif. "We are being strongly encouraged to develop research and technology programs in cooperation with the aerospace industry that will contribute to the advancement of commercial aviation. This project is a good example of that effort," said Ames project manager John Gallman. "The computer tools especially will let us take a much more creative approach to aircraft design." The first year of the joint research program will cost about $2 million for development and testing of a wind tunnel model. NASA will contribute wind tunnel time totaling 480 hours. Learjet will build the model and will cover the costs for developing and flight testing a prototype aircraft if the test results are commercially viable. Tunnel tests are scheduled to begin in January 1994. Both Learjet and NASA will benefit from technology transfer during this cooperative research project. "This is an opportunity to work with an American company from one end to the other of that process with feedback all the way," said Robert Kennelly, leader of Ames' Transonic Wing Design Group. "We bring our facilities, people and expertise to the table," Kennelly added. "Learjet brings the wind tunnel model, the flight test vehicle and their expertise. They learn from us while we're learning from them." NASA and Learjet will share test data, computer programs and design methods during the cooperative effort. Any new design methods that result will be offered to all U.S. aerospace companies. Team members plan to include modern airfoils in their designs to reduce "drag" caused by weak shock waves that form on a wing's upper surface as an aircraft approaches the speed of sound. Airfoils are curved or flat parts of a wing that help control an aircraft and generate lift by reacting with the air as it passes the wing. Engineers also hope to reduce the aircraft's skin friction drag by using a "laminar flow" wing design. The thin sheet of air brushing the aircraft's surface is called a boundary layer. A laminar (smooth) boundary layer reduces the friction caused when air rubs the wing surface. The NASA-Learjet project also will try to incorporate structures that will produce a minimum weight airframe design. The combination of wings with low drag and lightweight structures should produce an economical, fuel efficient aircraft. The project is part of NASA's basic research program in subsonic aircraft technology. The program's goal is to develop and prove better design methods for swept-wing transport aircraft such as Learjet's proposed new business jet. Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:930316.SHU KSC SHUTTLE STATUS REPORT 3/16/93 SPACE SHUTTLE DAILY STATUS-STS 55 Tuesday, March 16, 1993 George H. Diller Kennedy Space Center Vehicle: OV-102/Orbiter Columbia Mission: STS-55 Current location: Pad 39-A Orbital altitude: 184 sm Payload: Spacelab D-2 Inclination: 28.45 degrees Launch date: March 21 9:52 a.m. Landing: KSC 3/30 7:57 a.m. Mission duration: 8 days 22 hours Crew size: 7 STS-55 IN WORK: - aft main engine compartment closeouts - aft compartment inspections and photo documentation - aft compartment cleaning - avionics bay closeouts - washdown of mobile launcher platform - testing of data link between orbiter mid-deck refrigerator/freezers and Spacelab D-2 module - final crew compartment cleaning STS-55 WORK SCHEDULED: - washdown of launch pad and flame trench Wednesday - install flight doors on aft compartment and perform final aft confidence test Wednesday 4 p.m. - aft positive pressure check Wednesday 8 p.m. - astronaut arrival Wednesday night at 8:45 p.m. - begin countdown at 4:00 p.m. on Thursday STS-55 WORK COMPLETED: - completed ordnance installation and connections - completed hypergolic tank pressurization SPECIAL TOPICS: (STS-55) The preliminary weather outlook at 9:52 a.m. on Sunday calls for: Clouds: 3,000 scattered cumulus 10,000 scattered to broken altocumulus 25,000 broken cirrostratus Visibility: 7+ miles Temperature: 73 degrees Humidity: 57% Wind: SW/10-18 knots Chance of meeting launch weather criteria: 60% Chance of acceptable weather with 24 hour delay: 70% (STS-56) Discovery's rollout from the VAB began at 7:28 a.m. yesterday; arrival at Launch Pad 39-B occurred at 1:49 p.m.; hard down atop the launch pad pedestals was at 2:28 p.m. The astronauts arrived at the Shuttle Landing Facility at 4:30 p.m. yesterday. Today they begin launch pad safety training. The countdown for the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test will begin at 8 a.m. Wednesday and conclude at 11 a.m. Thursday. (STS-57) The external tank/solid rocket booster stack is being relocated today to VAB High Bay 1 to permit planned modifcation work to begin in High Bay 3. Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:930316.SKD Daily News/TV Sked 3/16/93 Daily News Tuesday, March 16, 1993 Two Independence Square, Washington, D.C. Audio Service: 202/358-3014 % NASA and Learjet join to create new technologies; % NASA and Central America to expand rain forest studies; % NASA technology could help cataract sufferers. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * NASA and Learjet Inc. will work together to develop and test a new high performance business jet. Under a recently-signed agreement, NASA and Learjet engineers will study aircraft size and aerodynamics to create an economical plane using supercomputers and wind tunnels at NASA's Ames Research Center. NASA will contribute wind tunnel time totaling 480 hours. Learjet will build the model and cover the costs for developing and flight testing a prototype aircraft if the tests results are commercially viable. The NASA-Learjet project is part of NASA's basic research program in subsonic aircraft technology. The program goal is to develop and provide better design methods for swept-wing transport aircraft as proposed by Learjet's new business jet. Both Learjet and NASA will benefit from technology during this project and will share the test data, computer programs and design methods. Any new design methods that result will be offered to all U.S. aerospace companies. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * NASA and seven Central American countries have begun a program to study, preserve and protect the region's rain forest by expanding the use of satellite data by Central American scientists. Under an agreement with the Central American Commission for Environment and Development, NASA will train and provide equipment to scientists from Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. The scientists will use data from the Advanced Very High-Resolution radiometers that fly aboard several U.S. weather satellites to estimate the amount and type of vegetation cover and forest cover in the region and to conduct coastal studies. With the data collected, they will be able to better understand the state of the ecosystem and estimate the area's biological productivity. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Many potential cataract sufferers may benefit from a recently developed, diagnostic tool. This tool could lead to treatment of cataracts while they are in the formative stage. Researchers at the Lewis Research Center have developed a small, fiber optic probe that can detect protein crystals suspended in the fluid inside the eye's lens. These crystals are suspected of forming into a cloudy mass over time, thus causing cataracts. According to Dr. Rafat Ansari, project scientist at the Lewis center, the fiber optic probes can measure the sizes of very small particles that are suspended in solutions. This capability may have use in industrial applications as well as in the field of ophthalmology. Originally developed for an experiment in materials aboard the Space Shuttle, the diagnostic tool is small enough to fit in a shirt pocket. Here's the broadcast schedule for Public Affairs events on NASA Select TV. Note that all events and times may change without notice and that all times listed are Eastern. Live indicates a program is transmitted live. Tuesday, March 16, 1993 12:00 pm Lewis Research Center Overview 12:15 pm Aeronautics & Space Report 12:30 pm Progress in Aeronautics 1:00 pm Apollo 16: Nothing So Hidden 1:30 pm Between the Atom & A Star 2:30 pm Starfinder 17: Magnetic Effects in Space 3:00 pm TQM 57 Wednesday, March 17, 1993 12:00 pm SpaceCad 12:15 pm Aeronautics & Space Report 12:30 pm Pictures in The Mind 1:00 pm New Aeronautics and Space Report 261 1:30 pm Images of the Universe from HST Live 2:00 pm Virgina Space Grant Consortium: Reaching for Stars 2:30 pm Pioneer/Saturn Encounter 3:00 pm TQMM 58 NASA Select TV is carried on GE Satcom F2R, transponder 13, C-Band, 72 degrees West Longitude, transponder frequency is 3960 MHz, audio subcarrier is 6.8 MHz, polarization is vertical. Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:930316A.REL 3/16/93: NASA AND CENTRAL AMERICA WILL EXPAND RAIN FOREST STUDIES Brian Dunbar Headquarters, Washington, D.C. Marc Myron Webb Stennis Space Center, Miss. RELEASE: 93-47 NASA and the seven Central America nations have begun a program to study, preserve and protect the region's rain forest by expanding the use of satellite data by Central American scientists. Under an agreement with the Central American Commission for Environment and Development, NASA will train and provide equipment to scientists from Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. Using data from the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometers flying aboard several U.S. weather satellites, the scientists will be able to estimate the amount and type vegetation cover and forest cover in the region and to conduct coastal studies. Tropical rain forests have become an international concern because of their important but poorly understood role in the global environment. The satellite data will allow scientists to study land cover and estimate vegetation indexes. Using this data, they will be able to better understand the state of the ecosystem and estimate the area's biological productivity. The rain forests also are home to a larger proportion of the Earth's plant and animal species than any other ecological system. Protecting this wide range of life, called biodiversity, has become another environmental concern. Many tropical plants and animals produce chemicals that are useful in medicine and other industries. The new program will enable scientists to map the extent and structure of some of these species' habitat. The commission became interested in teaming up with NASA because of the work of Dr. Tom Sever of NASA's Stennis Space Center, Miss., and Dan Lee of Sverdup, a NASA contractor. Sever has pioneered the use of NASA remote- sensing technology to assist his research in archaeology. Realizing the capabilities of this technology, the commission entered into an agreement with NASA. NASA will provide training, computer equipment, software and remote- sensing imagery to the commission. Four commission members spent two weeks in January at Stennis in intensive training. By transferring remote- sensing technology directly to the commission, NASA is providing nations with a vested interest in the rain forest with the means to monitor it. "Stennis Space Center has amassed a considerable inventory of remote- sensing images of the tropical forest region in Central America," said Sever. "Not only are the images stored at Stennis, but the technology also is here to process the data. "So what do we do with this information? With the help of other experts in forestry and soils, we could process the data and provide the commission the finished product. But we're taking that a step further and giving the commission the tools to keep this alive." The remote-sensing data will be used to complement research on the ground and for computer analysis. Guatemala recently declared a 14,000- square-mile expanse of tropical forest and savannah in the country's northeast to be a reserve. Techniques developed in Sever's study will be part of the monitoring policy and management of the resources of the reserve. "You can do many things with remote sensing technology that just can't be done in the field or would take a long, long time," said Sever. "The technology has given us a way to monitor the region as it has never been done before." In addition to environmental concerns, the rain forest data will play a role in protecting the cultural sites of the ancient Mayan civilization. As forests are cut down, archaeological sites are exposed to looters. The commission was formed to preserve the archaeological and environmental importance of the region, while allowing the governments to make informed decisions about development, settlement and tourism in the area. "It's crucial to know what happened to the Mayans and to understand how they successfully managed the delicate tropical forest economy," said Sever. "But then again, the Mayan archaeological sites are the key to the area's tourism. An infrastructure must be created to protect this Central American region and to steer development into areas that would be harmed the least." In 1993, NASA will provide between $40,000 and $50,000 through its Earth Science and Applications Division, which also manages the agency's Mission to Planet Earth. The balance between environmental and economic concerns in the Central American rain forest echoes the central mission of Mission to Planet Earth, a comprehensive program to study the global environment that will provide governments with the information needed to make informed environmental policy decisions. The international agreement with the commission parallels another aspect of Mission to Planet Earth: international cooperation among scientists. When the Earth Observing System Data and Information System becomes operational later in the decade, scientists from all nations taking part in Mission to Planet Earth will have access to data from all Mission to Planet Earth programs. International scientific cooperation should lead to international cooperation on environmental issues, said Dr. Shelby G. Tilford, Acting Associate Administrator of NASA's Mission To Planet Earth Office. Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_18_5.TXT NOTE: This file is too large {25271 bytes} for inclusion in this collection. The first line of the file: - Current Two-Line Element Sets #159 - Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_2_40_15.TXT NOTE: This file is too large {16775 bytes} for inclusion in this collection. The first line of the file: Mission Highlights STS-52 Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_2_2_41_12.TXT MISSION HIGHLIGHTS STS-53 Space Shuttle Discovery December 2-9, 1992 Commander: David M. Walker (CAPT, USN) Pilot: Robert D. Cabana (COL, USMC) Mission Specialists: Guion S. Bluford, Jr. (COL, USAF) James S. Voss (LTC, USA) M. Richard Clifford (LTC, USA) Space Shuttle Discovery Major Mission Accomplishments * Completed the eighth Space Shuttle flight of 1992 and the last planned mission dedicated to the Department of Defense. * Deployed the Department of Defense-1 satellite. * Achieved excellent results on the HERCULES (Hand-held, Earth-oriented, Real-time, Cooperative targeting, and Environmental System) and the Glow/Cryogenic Heat Pipe experiment. * Tested new fluid handling devices in the Fluid Acquisition and Resupply Experiment designed to improve the ability to capture and transfer liquids from a tank. * Successfully locked onto a laser during the BLAST experiment which tested the concept of communications between ground personnel and orbiting spacecraft through lasers. * Performed medical experiments to learn about how the human body adapts to microgravity and readapts to the normal gravity environment after landing. * Operated an experiment designed to demonstrate the ability to produce better pharmaceutical products in space than on Earth. During the early morning hours of December 2, the Space Shuttle Discovery began its 15th mission by thundering off the launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. The launch control team held the launch countdown at the T-9 minutes mark for over an hour to allow the sun to melt a layer of ice that had formed around the Shuttle's external tank. Launch con- trollers were concerned about ice on the external tank because the ice could shake loose during launch and damage the fragile tiles on the underside of the Shuttle. STS-53 was the last planned Shuttle mission dedicated to the Department of Defense (DOD). The primary payload in Discovery's payload bay was the classified deployable satellite called Department of Defense-1 (DOD-1). The all military crew of five included astronauts from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. The Space Shuttle launched into a 57 degree orbit 370 kilometers high. After deployment of the DOD-1 satellite at 1:18 P.M. CST, the crew fired the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engines to lower Discovery to a 324 km altitude where it stayed for the remainder of the mission. The first part of the STS-53 mission was classified while the crew worked on deployment of the DOD-1 satellite. After the satellite was successfully deployed on the first day, the rest of the mission was unclassified. The unclassified secondary payloads on the flight, became top priority for the remainder of the seven day mission. The crew unpacked and activated the Radiation Monitoring Experiment (RME) and the Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor (CREAM) before they went to sleep on the first day. Both of these experiments measured the radiation environment of low-Earth orbit. With a better understanding of the radiation environment, engineers will be able to design more effective radiation shields for both the people and the electronic equipment in future spacecraft. An experiment in the middeck of Discovery, called the Fluid Acquisition and Resupply Experiment (FARE), tested some new devices made to efficiently collect and expel liquids from tanks in microgravity. While in orbit (free-fall), liquids can float around inside tanks unpredictably, which makes it difficult to capture and transfer all of the fluid out of the tank. On STS-53, the crew transferred colored water between two clear acrylic tanks eight times at various pressures and flow rates while taping the fluid motion with video camcorders. The images on the videotapes will be evaluated by scientists after the mission to determine how well the new fluid acquisition devices performed and to see how they can improve on their design. This research will help to lower the cost of servicing long duration spacecraft such as Space Station Freedom by improving our ability to transfer liquids in microgravity without leaving excess liquid in the supply tanks. The high vantage point of space could be used to covertly communicate with people on the ground such as troops, ships, or even downed pilots through the use of lasers. The Battlefield Laser Acquisition Sensor Test (BLAST) was flown on STS-53 to test that concept. Two stationary and three mobile ground laser sites aimed their lasers at Discovery as it passed overhead. By coordinating the efforts of the crew of Discovery and the laser sites, the crew successfully locked onto the ground laser on two separate occasions. Several additional attempts were made during the mission, but problems with the ground stations and poor weather conditions thwarted those attempts. The Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS) shared the payload bay with the DOD-1 satellite, but was not deployed. Six metal spheres were planned to be released from ODERACS which would have remained in orbit after Discovery returned to Earth. Engineers would have used the spheres to calibrate instruments on Earth which track orbital debris. However, when the crew attempted to communicate with the experiment through a small computer, the experiment did not respond as expected. Ground controllers and the crew investigated the problem and determined that a battery had been drained prior to launch. Without this battery, it was impossible to deploy the spheres. ODERACS will fly again on a future Shuttle mission after the battery problem is resolved. The Glow experiment/Cryogenic Heat Pipe experiment (GCP) in the cargo bay of Discovery worked as planned. The Glow experiment measured the extreme ultraviolet light energy produced as the orbiter raced through the upper reaches of the atmosphere at 28,000 km/hr. The Cryogenic Heat Pipe experiment measured the performance of liquid oxygen heat pipes in microgravity. The Discovery crew also operated three DOD sponsored medical experiments. The Visual Function Tester-2 experiment tested the changes in visual acuity brought on by space flight. The Space Tissue Loss experiment studied the changes in the amount of bone and muscle cell degradation that occurs while in orbit. The crew also completed the Microcapsules In Space experiment to demonstrate that better pharmaceutical microcapsules can be produced in a microgravity environment than is possible on Earth. Two photographic experiments sponsored by DOD performed well during the mission. The Cloud Logic to Optimize the Use of Defense Systems was used to photograph several cloud formations for analysis after the mission. The Hand-held, Earth-oriented, Real-time, Cooperative, User-friendly, Location targeting, and Environmental System (HERCULES) was designed to calculate the latitude and longitude of an Earth viewing site. This data was recorded digitally along with the image and could be viewed later on the Shuttle's closed circuit television system. HERCULES was used to photograph over 200 subjects--more than eight times what was required. Discovery was scheduled to land at the Kennedy Space Center Shuttle Landing Facility at the end of the seven day flight, but because of low clouds at KSC, the Mission Control Center decided to land at Edwards Air Force Base in California after the Shuttle made one more lap around the Earth. The Shuttle touched down at Edwards at 2:43 P.M. CST on Wednesday, December 9, ending the last Shuttle flight dedicated to the DOD. Mission Facts Orbiter: Discovery Mission Dates: December 2 - 9, 1992 Commander: David M. Walker (CAPT, USN) Pilot: Robert D. Cabana (COL, USMC) Mission Specialist: Guion S. Bluford, Jr. (COL, USAF) Mission Specialist: James S. Voss (LTC, USA) Mission Specialist: M. Richard Clifford (LTC, USA) Mission Duration: 7 days, 7 hours, 19 minutes Kilometers Traveled: 4,885,835 km Orbit Inclination: 57 degrees Orbits of Earth: 116 Orbital Altitude: 370 km Payload Weight Up: 11,893 kg Orbiter Landing Weight: 87,825 kg Landed: Edwards Air Force Base Runway 22 Payloads and Experiments: DOD - 1 - Department of Defense - 1 BLAST - Battlefield Laser Acquisition Sensor Test CLOUDS - Cloud Logic to Optimize Use of Defense Systems CREAM - Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor FARE - Fluid Acquisition and Resupply Experiment GCP - Glow experiment/Cryogenic Heat Pipe experiment Payload HERCULES - Hand-held, Earth-oriented, Real-time, Cooperative, User-friendly, Location targeting, and Environmental System MIS - Microcapsules In Space ODERACS - Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres Project RME III - Radiation Monitoring Experiment III STL - Space Tissue Loss Experiment VFT-2 - Visual Function Tester-2 Crew Biographies Commander: David M. Walker (CAPT, USN) David Walker was born in Columbus, Georgia, but considers Eustis, Florida, his hometown. He graduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1966, and received his Naval Aviator Wings in 1967. After two combat cruises aboard the USS Enterprise and USS America flying F4 Phantoms, Walker attended the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California, in 1971. From 1972 through 1975, Walker was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center at Patuxent River, Maryland, as an experimental test pilot, then returned to the fighter community in F14 Tomcats for two Mediterranean cruises prior to selection by NASA to the 1978 astronaut class. He has logged over 6,000 flying hours in more than 40 different types of aircraft. Walker was pilot of STS-5 1A aboard Discovery in November 1984 and was commander of STS-30 on Atlantis in May 1989. Pilot: Robert D. Cabana (COL, USMC) Robert Cabana was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He received a bachelor of science degree in mathematics from the U. S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. After graduation, he was commissioned in the United States Marine Corps and earned his wings as a Naval flight officer and a Naval aviator flying the A-6 Intruder with the lst and 2nd Marine Aircraft Wings. Following his graduation from U. S. Naval Test Pilot School in Patuxent River, Maryland, he flew numerous ordnance and flight system test projects in the A-4 and A-6 airplanes and participated in development of the flight control system for the X-29 flight technology demonstrator. He has logged over 4,300 hours flying time. Cabana was selected to be an astronaut in 1985 and flew his first mission as the pilot of Discovery on STS-41 in October 1990. Mission Specialist: Guion S. Bluford, Jr. (COL, USAF) Guy Bluford was born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He received a bachelor of science degree in aerospace engineering from Penn State University and master of science and doctorate of philosophy degrees in aerospace engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology. He also has a master's degree in business administration from the University of Houston. After graduating from Air Force pilot training, he flew 144 combat missions in Vietnam in the F4C Phantom II and then was an instructor pilot in T-38 aircraft. Bluford later served as an aerospace engineer and branch chief in the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory. He has logged over 5,500 flying hours in more than 10 different types of aircraft. He became an astronaut in 1978 and flew as a mission specialist on STS-8, STS-61A, and STS-39. Mission Specialist: James S. Voss (LTC, USA) Jim Voss was born in Cardova, Alabama, but considers Opelika, Alabama, to be his hometown. He earned a bachelor of science degree in aerospace engineering from Auburn University and a master of science degree in aerospace engineering sciences from the University of Colorado. After completing airborne and ranger training, Voss served as an infantry platoon leader, intelligence staff officer, and company commander in Germany, then taught in the Department of Mechanics at West Point. He graduated from the U. S. Naval Test Pilot School and served as an Army flight test engineer. At NASA, Voss worked as a vehicle integration test engineer before becoming an astronaut in 1987. He flew as a mission specialist on STS-44 in November 1991. Mission Specialist: M. Richard Clifford (LTC, USA) Rich Clifford was born in San Bernadino, California, but considers Ogden, Utah, to be his hometown. He earned a bachelor of science degree from the United States Military Academy and a master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Upon graduation from West Point, Clifford served as a platoon leader with the 10th Cavalry. He then completed pilot training as the top graduate of his class. He served in a variety of positions with the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment in Germany and was an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at West Point. Clifford became a test pilot following graduation from the U. S . Naval Test Pilot School in 1986. He has flown over 2,700 hours in more than 50 types of fixed and rotary wing aircraft. Clifford was selected as a NASA astronaut in 1990. This was his first space flight. Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_11_4_6_4_2.TXT Program STSORBIT PLUS Space Shuttle and Satellite Orbit Simulation (Enhanced Version for 286/386/486 Computers) INTRODUCTION ------------ Program STSORBIT PLUS is an enhanced version of STSORBIT, my original orbital tracking and display program. As a general rule, a 286 or better computer (AT-class IBM compatible) is recommended. A math coprocessor chip will significantly improve performance and is REQUIRED for acceptable performance in orthographic modes. Some users report acceptable performance on faster XT-class machines WITH a math coprocessor. The program is intended for use during Space Shuttle missions and for general satellite tracking using NASA/NORAD 2-Line Orbital Elements. Program STSORBIT PLUS (which I will usually refer to as STSPLUS from here on) is intended to display the position and ground track of an orbiting satellite on a selection of maps ranging from a full map of the world to zoom maps showing considerable detail. The program has special features implemented at the request of NASA astronauts and others for use during a NASA Space Shuttle mission. With the appropriate 2-line elements, STSPLUS displays the position and ground track of a variety of satellites, such as the Space Shuttle, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Gamma Ray Observatory, or the Soviet MIR Space Station. Accurate TDRS coverage is calculated for satellites which use that network for communications. Special Location and Tracking Station displays show concentric isocontours, circles of equal satellite altitude; these special maps can be especially valuable for visual or amateur radio sightings. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS ---------------------------------- An AT-class computer equipped with a 286 processor (running at 8 MHz) and a 287 math coprocessor chip is the minimum system used for all program testing and development. While other systems may give acceptable performance, this minimum configuration assures that most features will execute as described and in real time. Performance with 386/387 and 486 systems will be considerably superior to 286 systems. Note that NO TESTING is performed on systems not equipped with a math coprocessor chip. The following minimum hardware is recommended: 286/386/486 IBM-compatible computer 287/387 math coprocessor chip VGA color display Hard disk with 3MB available RAM disk with at least 500K space The 287/387 math coprocessor chip is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED and is required for some processors to operate in real time. The calculations relating to orbital mechanics are very complex and STSPLUS will use the coprocessor chip if one is equipped; performance is improved by about an order of magnitude. Other "fast" processor and coprocessor combinations may yield acceptable performance. A SLOW MODE is provided to accommodate slower machines. However, math coprocessor chips are now reasonably inexpensive, particularly for 286 systems, and the performance improvement is impressive and well worth the modest cost. As an example, my vintage Zenith laptop is equipped with an 80C88 processor and an 8087 math coprocessor and is just able to keep up in real time when running at a clock speed of 8 MHz (although map drawing times are very slow). However, an 8 MHz 286 (AT- class) computer without a math coprocessor is NOT able to execute the program correctly except in the SLOW mode and map drawing times are painfully slow. STSPLUS is intended to be used with an EGA or VGA video adapter and a color monitor; with these adapters, the display is in color. Because of its improved vertical resolution, the VGA is recommended over the EGA. A monochrome VGA display with shades of gray may also be used with the program (with the "/M" command line option). Because of hardware limitations, CGA and HGC systems can only present graphics in monochrome; although those display adapters are supported in current versions of STSPLUS, that support may NOT continue in future versions. The original STSORBIT will continue to support CGA and HGC monitors. A hard disk is recommended for performance in program and file loading and for storage of orbital elements files. A RAM disk with sufficient space to hold the program and its various data files is also recommended for improved performace, especially for reduced map drawing times. Although the program may execute properly on other software operating systems, STSPLUS has been designed and tested using standard configurations of Microsoft DOS 3.3 and 5.0. No optional Terminate and Stay Resident programs (TSR's) or "shell" programs have been tested. Third party memory management programs and Digital Research DRDOS 6.0 may experienc problems with internal memory allocation performed by the Microsoft BASIC Compiler; however, I'm told that the latest release of DRDOS 6.0 works correctly. STSORBIT PLUS FILES ------------------- STSORBIT PLUS is normally distributed via bulletin board systems in archived form using the ZIP format by PKWare. Note that all files (except map databases) for STSORBIT PLUS are called "STSPLUS" in order to conform to DOS filename requirements and to avoid confusion with the similarly named files for the original STSORBIT. The following files are available on NASA SpaceLink BBS: SOP9311A.ZIP STSORBIT PLUS Version 9311, Part 1 of 2 SOP9311B.ZIP STSORBIT PLUS Version 9311, Part 2 of 2 SOP9244U.ZIP STSORBIT PLUS Version 9244, UPDATE from Version 9242 (EXE and update notes ONLY) EARTH3.ZIP Level 3 Map Database for STSORBIT PLUS Note that the number, "9311" in the file names above, may change from time to time as new versions are released. The map database files do not normally change. The first two files, SOP9311A.ZIP and SOP9311B.ZIP are REQUIRED. The EARTH3.ZIP adds significantly improved map detail and its files will be used by STSPLUS if present. The program PKUNZIP Version 1.10 or higher is REQUIRED to unpack the ZIP files. Each ZIP file is unpacked with a command of the form: PKUNZIP <filename> where "<filename>" is the actual name of the file without the quotation marks. The following files are usually included in the standard distribution (files marked with "*" are available separately): STSPLUS.EXE Main STSPLUS Program (required) STSPLUS.DOC Documentation (not required) STSPLUS.ICO Icon for WINDOWS 3 (optional) STSPLUS.KEY STSPLUS Active Keys (optional) STSPLUS.LOC Map Locations & Features (optional) STSPLUS.TRK NASA Tracking Stations (optional) STSPLUS.CTY City Coordinates (optional) STSPLUS.INI Initialization data (see below) EARTH4.MCX Level 4 Map Index (required) EARTH4.MCP Level 4 Rect Map Data (required) EARTH4.XYZ Level 4 Ortho Map Data (required) EARTH3.MCX Level 3 Map Index (optional) EARTH3.MCP Level 3 Rect Map Data (optional) EARTH3.XYZ Level 3 Ortho Map Data (optional) EARTH2.MCX Level 2 Map Index (optional) * EARTH2.MCP Level 2 Rect Map Data (optional) * EARTH2.XYZ Level 2 Ortho Map Data (optional) * EARTH1.MCX Level 1 Map Index (optional) * EARTH1.MCP Level 1 Rect Map Data (optional) * EARTH1.XYZ Level 1 Ortho Map Data (optional) * MSHERC.COM Hercules driver (required for HGC) NASAnnn.TXT 2-Line Elements (optional) NASA.TRK NASA Tracking Stations (not required) CIS.TRK Russian Tracking Stations(not required) INTELSAT.TRK INTELSAT Tracking Stns (not required) SPACENTR.TRK Other Tracking Stations (not required) README STSPLUS Questionnaire and Registration QUICK.DOC Quick Start Instructions Files noted as "(required)" must be in the current default directory for program operation. Files noted as "(optional)" do not need to be in the default directory when STSPLUS is operated but provide additional features or information if present. Files noted as "(optional) *" are too large to be downloaded on most BBS systems and are available on disk separately. In order to minimize the disk space required, all .EXE files have been compressed with PKWare's PKLITE Professional; these files require a brief additional time to begin execution since they are decompressed "on the fly" at load time. STSPLUS can use map databases with different degrees of map detail. Level 4, required for operation and included in the minimum distribution package, contains the minimum detail. Level 1 contains the maximum detail. As noted in the list above, three files are used for each level of map detail. MCX files contain an index of the map data, MCP files contain map coordinates for rectangular projection, and XYZ files contain map coordinates for orthographic projection. STSPLUS checks for the levels that are present and uses the level appropriate for the zoom factor in effect or, if that level is not present, the maximum level that is present. Level 1 is checked first, then Level 2, etc. Level 4 files MUST be present or an error message is displayed and th program aborts. *** IMPORTANT NOTE *** STSPLUS assumes that if a particular level of map database is found ALL lower levels of map database are present. Missing levels of map database will cause a program error. File NASAnnn.TXT (where "nnn" will be a number such as "072") is a set of NASA/NORAD 2-line elements as of the date of the file. Note that the 2-line elements should only be used for ten to twenty days after the epoch date for each satellite if reasonable accuracy is to be maintained. Current orbital elements are posted on my bulletin board system two or three times per week. Other files with 2-line elements are also available; they typically have names like GSFCnnn.TXT or N2L-nnn.TXT for general satellites, and STSmmNnn.TXT for Space Shuttle missions. Space Shuttle orbital elements are usually posted at least daily during missions; because of orbital maneuvers, Space Shuttle elements more than 24 hours old may yield inaccurate positions. Other files, such as 2-line elements for an upcoming Space Shuttle mission or a mission in progress, may be included from time to time. Files with filetype .TXT are normally 2-line orbital elements. Some common satellite name abbreviations are: STS Space Shuttle missions HST Hubble Space Telescope GRO Compton Gamma Ray Observatory UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite TOPEX Topex/Poseidon Earth Resources Satellite ROSAT Roentgen Satellite Observatory MIR Russian Space Station There are many other satellites for which data is available. US Space Command currently tracks some 7000+ objects, of which data for more than 700 is usually included in the NASAnnn.TXT files. NASA SpaceLink BBS, (205) 895-0028, usually posts 2-line elements for Space Shuttle missions (usually labeled as "Keplerian Elements") from time to time prior to and during a mission. David H. Ransom, Jr. 7130 Avenida Altisima Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90274 Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_12_2.TXT A HISTORY OF CALENDARS The need for a method of keeping track of the passage of time is obvious: it allows us to have order in an otherwise confusing world. The simple units such as days were relatively easy to construct, just by observing the sun from sunrise to sunset and after a period of darkness, another sunrise. Nice to be able to count on something! If one observed enough of these sunrises, another pattern emerged. That pattern became a much larger unit, the year. As the days progress, the sun will rise further and further north until it reaches a day when the northern swing stops and it begins to move steadfastly south, rising further and further south each succeeding day. Eventually, this too would stop and the sun would begin to swing to the north with its rising position, a repeating cycle that could be used to define a large unit of time, the year. When it reached its furthest north point, a year had passed since it last was there. The moon gave an in-between unit called a month. The word "month" comes from the word "moon". A lunar month was defined by the time it took in days for the moon to repeat the pattern of phases, going from a full moon to full again, or from a new moon to new again. There is a problem with this sub-unit. IT DOESN'T FIT EXACTLY INTO THE BIG UNIT, THE YEAR. There are about twelve lunar cycles in one year, but there is the problem of a little over eleven extra days left over. It was no problem in the very ancient times; no one needed that accurate a system anyway. The ancient world had no organized calendar. What a mess. No New Year's Eve and no birthday parties, for who would know when to celebrate? Any civilization worth its salt had some system going, usually based on the moon, but there was no general agreement. But civilization evolved. Governm ents were created to provide some sense of order, and a sense of order required an accurate method of time-keeping. The result: THE CALENDAR. After all, you had to know when to collect the taxes in order to run things. The ancient Sumerians probably invented the first calendar, based on the moon, about 50 centuries ago. They were followed by the Babylonians, who divided their calendar into months and weeks and days. A week was defined as seven days. This unit must have been satisfactory, as it was picked up by most of the middle east civilizations, such as the Egyptians and the Jewish nations, and has survived in the present system. It is from the Greeks and Romans that the very word "calendar" is handed down. To the Romans, the 'calends" referred to the first day of a Roman month. To the Greeks, the word "kalend" meant to shout or to announce, such as when to pay your taxes. But a calendar based on the moon soon develops large problems. Each year dates slid, until summer days became fall days. That made it tough on the farmers, who used a calendar to know when to plant the fields. That made it tough on the people planning religious festivals. Something had to be done, and the man for that job was Caesar. Now he was a great organizer, but he did have problems in choosing his friends, some of whom became a real pain in the back. When Julius Caesar took power in 49 B.C., the Roman calendar was way out of line. It had 355 days and 12 months. the big holidays held in Aprilis, the second month, now fell to Sextilis, the sixth month. Attempts were made to fix the system, but it just created more and more proble ms. Caesar asked a Greek astronomer named Sosigenes to devise a new calendar based on the sun and a 365+ day solar year. The result: today's system. First, just to get things back in line, he added 90 days to 46 B.C., thus making a year 445 days long. After that, to prevent further problems, each new year would begin in Januarius. To pick up the slack of the fraction of a day each year had, they simply added one extra day every four years and stuck that in the second month, Februarius. This worked much better, but it, too, had errors, mostly caused by missed the leap factor. By the middle ages (or middle ages) it was time to make an adjustment. Enter the church! Pope Gregory XIII, with the aid of a Polish astronomer-clerk named Copernicus, made the adjustments and provided us with most of the present calendar. The last major adjustment of days was made in the 18th century. The only adjustments now consist of very tiny units called seconds, which are added from time to keep minutes and hours in line. And now a word about words, specifically the days of the week we now use. Ever wonder where whey come from? The following should help. ENGLISH LATIN FRENCH Sunday Dominus(God) Dimanche Monday Dies Lunae Lundi (Moon's Day) Tuesday Dies Martis Mardi (Mars' Day) Wednesday Dies Mercurii Mercredi (Mercury's Day) Thursday Dies Jovis Juedi (Jupiter's Day) Friday Dies Veneris Vendredi Saturday Dies Saturni Samedi (Saturn's Day) Many of our modern English day names have their origins in old German mythology. Tuesday was Tiw's Day. Tiw was the war god in their mythology. Wednesday was Woden's Day. Like Mercury, he was the messenger god in German mythology. Thursday was Thor's Day, Thor being the Germanic equivalent of Jupiter. Friday was Frigg's Day. Frigg was the love goddess similar to Venus. Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_12_3.TXT MARCH KEYDATES The third month of the year is called March, after the Latin word Martius, a derivative of their god of war, Mars. To the Romans, this was the first month of the year. To the Anglo-Saxons of the middle ages this time of the year was called Hlydmonath meaning loud or stormy. In the land of the Algonquin this was the Sap Moon month while to the Chyenne it was the light Snow Month. March 1 First manmade object to reach Venus. (USSR,1966) Snow falls on parts of Florida. (1980) First quarter moon tonight. 2 Original "King Kong" film released. (1933) First round-the-world nonstopflight is completed after 94 hours and several refuelings. (1949) Pioneer 10 is launched towards Jupiter. (1972) 3 Alexander Graham Bell born. (1847) NACA is founded. (1915) In 1958 it was absorbed in NASA. Pan Am closes its waiting list for passengers for its first Lunar flight. If you are one of those on this list you have a long wait as Pan Am is now out of business! 4 Soviet scientists meet to consider ways to establish interplanetary communications. (1935) Voyager 1 discovers rings around Jupiter. (1979) 5 Gerardus Mercator, mapmaker born. (1512) William Oughtred, probable inventor of the slide rule born. (1574) How many people know how to use one today? 6 Michelangelo born. (1475) Joseph von Fraunhofer, physicist born. (1787) Gorden Cooper, Mercury Astronaut born. (1927) Valentina Tereshkova, first woman in space born. (1937) SR-71 flies across the U.S. in 50 minutes. (1990) 7 Joseph Niepce, inventor of photography born. (1765) John Herschel, astronomer born. (1765) Henry Draper, astronomer born. (1837) 8 Otto Hahn, discover of nuclear fission born. (1879) Madame La Barone becomes the first woman to obtain a pilot's license. (1910) Volcanoes are discovered on lo by voyager 1. (1979) Moon at perigee 356,528 km. Full Moon, closest full moon of 1993. 9 Amerigo Vespucci born. (1454) He discovered the land known as Cape Canaveral. The name America is derived from his first name. Yuri Gagarin born. (1934) 10 Bell invents the telephone. (1876) Herbert H. Hoover becomes the first civilian test pilot to break the sound barrier. (1948) Rings are discovered around Uranus. (1977) 11 Urbain le Verrier, codiscovered Neptune using only Math, was born on this date in 1811. 12 The Great Blizzard of 88, as in 1888 began. Wally Schirra, Mercury Astronaut born. (1923) 13 William Herschel discovers Uranus. (1781) Percival Lowell born. (1855) Earmuffs patented. (1877) Giotto spacecraft encountered comet Halley. (1986) 14 Albert Einstein born. (1879) Pluto again becomes the furthest KNOWN planet from the Sun. (1999) Moon last quarter. 15 The Ides of March. A bad day for Julius Caesar. The 400th asteroid, Ducrosa, is discovered. (1895) NASA announces the shuttle program . (1972) 16 Georg Ohm, physicist born. (1787) First flight of a liquid-fueled rocket. Goddard (1926). 17 Vanguard 1 orbited. (1958) This object is still in orbit with an apogee of 3880 km and a perigee of 652 km. Its orbital period is 133.3 minutes. It is the oldest object still in orbit! How many orbits has it completed by now? 18 Pickering discovers Phoebe, a moon of Saturn. (1899) Worst tornado in history hits an area from Missouri to Kentucky. (1925) First human spacewalk. (USSR,1965) 19 First recorded Lunar eclipse. (Babylon, 721 B.C.) Pluto photographed for the first time. (1915) No one will notice this until years later as Pluto isn't discovered till 1930. 20 The 800th asteroid, Kressmannia, is discovered. (1915) Spring begins at 8:41 AM CST 21 Asteroid number 243, Ida comes into opposition tonight. This is the next target for the Galileo spacecraft. Ida was discovered in September of 1884 and named after a nymph of Crete who nursed the young Zeus. to view this object you will need a telescope of at least 8" and very clear sky! Its position for the 14th was: 12Hr 10.75M DEC -2 15.2. For the 24th it will be: 12Hr 02.74 DEC -1 26.7. The Mag is 13.8 to 14.1. Galileo will pass by Ida on the 28th of August this year. Moon at Apogee, 406,632 km. 22 Robert Millikan, Physics, born. (1868) On this date in 1952 Colliers magazine ran an article titled "Man Will Conquer Space Soon". 23 Pierre-Simon Laplace, Astronomer, born. (1749) William Smith, Geologist, born. (1769) First photograph (daguerreotype) of the moon. (1840) An asteroid misses the Earth by just 770,000 km. (1989) Full Earth. (You have to be on the moon to see it!) 24 Ranger IX impacts on the moon. (1965) 25 New Years Day in England from the 12 century till 1752. Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is discovered. (1655) The 200 inch (508 cm) mirror blank begins its trip west to California and the Palomar Observatory. (1936) 26 First sighting of Vulcan, a planet thought to exist inside the orbit of Mercury. (1859) Goddard's highest rocket flight, approx. 3 km. (1937) 27 William Roengen, the discoverer of X-rays, is born. (1845) Mariner 7 launched towards Mars. (1969) 28 The second asteroid, Pallas, is discovered. (1802) Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant meltdown occurs. (1979) 29 Asteroid number 4, Vesta, is discovered. (1807) This is the only asteroid visible to the unaided eye at times . The Mariner 10 spacecraft makes the first flyby of the planet Mercury. (1974) 30 Jupiter at opposition, which means it rises just as the sun sets. Moon first quarter . 31 Robert Bunsen born. (1811) MARCH ACTIVITIES The following activities are designed to support Key Dates. These are just a few ideas to get you thinking about how we can use the past events which have made us part of the learning process. Dr. Goddard kept a diary throughout his adult life. On March 17, 1926, he recorded the following: "The first flight with a rocket using liquid propellants was made yesterday at Aunt Effie's farm in Auburn (Massachusetts)... It looked almost magical as it rose, without appreciably greater noise or flame, as if it said, 'I've been here long enough; I think I'll be going somewhere else, if you don't mind.'" The entire flight was rather short, the fuel lasted 2.5 seconds, the rocket reached an estimated altitude of 41 feet and flew a total distance of 184 feet. The top speed was about 60 MPH. Thus began the first seeds of what would become the Space Age. March is a month filled with planetary discoveries, including the first planet to be discovered by someone whose name we know. The discovery of Uranus was made by someone who wasn't even an astronomer. It doubled the size of the Solar System as it was known then. Research the discovery process. Who was William Herschel and what made him so unique for the times. Why isn't the 7th planet named after him? Why did he want the name of the planet to be George's star? Why didn't that name stick? Want to rediscover the 7th planet? If you are careful in your observations you will also rediscover the 8th very close together in the same region of the sky, spending 1993 less than two degrees apart most of the time. This means they will both show up if you use the lowest power of your telescope, or if you are using binoculars. During this month they are placed in the early morning sky in the northern region of Sagittarius. Using a star chart locate the star Pi Sagittarii (charts should show this star with the Greek symbol for Pi, the same one used in math). in the area within 5 degrees east of this star. Wait several nights and record the same field. One (or perhaps two) our field. Use a normal lens or better yet a SLIGHT telephoto and leave the shutter open for ten seconds. These planets will be easier to see as spring turns into summer. They come in opposition July 12. You will need patience (a trait of all scientists) to rediscover these frozen worlds. Source:NASA Spacelink Mode =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_13_3.TXT SOURCE LIST This list represents possible sources of items and information from independent concessionaires and entrepreneurs, not available from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and is offered without recommendation or endorsement by NASA. Inquiry should be made directly to the appropriate source to determine availability, price, and time required to fill orders before sending money. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION (MISSION REPORTS): National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22151 Scientific and Technical Information Facility, 800 Elkridge Landing Road, Linthicum Heights, MD 21090 SPACECRAFT AND AIRPLANE MODELS: Models of spacecraft may be purchased at hobby shops and toy departments of your local departments stores, and also at some of the companies listed below. The following firms are model-rocket manufacturers: Estes Industries, PO Box 227, Penrose, CO 81240 Acme Rocket Company, Box 28283, Tempe, AZ 85285-8283 Revell, Inc., 4288 Glencoe Avenue, Venice, CA 90291 Flight Systems, Inc., 9300 East 68th Street, Raytown, MO 64133 Pacific Miniatures, Inc., 817 South Palm Avenue, Alhambra, CA 91803 Monogram Models, Inc., Morton Grove, IL 60053 Toys and Models Corporation, 222 River Street, Hackensack, NJ 07601 Wesco Models, Inc., 1453 J. Virginia Avenue, Baldwin Park, CA 91706 Scale Models, Inc., 111 Independence Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025 Movie Miniatures, 5115 Douglas Fir Drive, Suite F, Calabasas, CA 91302 You may also wish to contact the following non-profit organization: National Association of Rocketry, 2140 Colburn Dr., Shakopee, MN 55379 SOUVENIRS AND MEMORABILIA COMMEMORATING SPACE, SUCH AS CAMERAS, TEXT BOOKS, PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, EMBLEMS, PATCHES, DECALS, COMMEMORATIVE MEDALS, FLIGHT JACKETS, T-SHIRTS, CAPS, BUTTONS, ETC.: AW/JSC Exchange Store, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 Alabama Space and Rocket Center, Tranquility Base, Huntsville, AL 35807 National Medallion Company, Inc., PO Box 58127, Houston, TX 77058 Spaceport USA Tours, TW Recreational Services, Inc., TWRS, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 Communications Association Corporation, 250 Babcock Street, Melbourne, FL 32935 Smithsonian Institution Museum Shops, 900 Jefferson Drive SW, Washington, DC 20560 NASA Headquarters Exchange Store, 600 Maryland Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20546 Action Products, Inc., 344 Cypress Road, Ocala, FL 32672 Model Works, PO Box 17053, Boulder CO 80308-7053 International Space Hall of Fame Gift Shop, PO Box 25, Almogordo, NM 88310 GEWA Vistor Center Gift Shop, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 Johnson and Associates, PO Box 46251, Pentagon, Washington, DC 20050 KSC Exchange Store, Code EXC, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 Pinnacle Designs, 6925 Canoga Ave., Canoga Park, CA 91303 AB Emblems, PO Box 695, Weaverville, NC 28787 SPACE SUITS: ILC-Dover, Box 266, Frederica, DE 19946 Hamilton Standard, Windsor Locks, CT 06096 STAMPS: Houston Hobby Center, PO Box 10791, Houston, TX 77018 MAPS: MOON, MARS, ETC.: National Geographic Society, PO Box 2806, Washington, DC 20036 U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, 1200 South Eads Street, Arlington, VA 22202 PHOTOGRAPHS, SLIDES, ETC.: AW/JSC Exchange Store, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Ave., San Francisco, CA 94112 Woodstock Products, Inc., PO Box 2519, Beverly Hills, CA 90213 GEWA Vistor Center Gift Shop, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 8MM AND 16MM NASA FILMS: National Audio Visual Center (GSA), Washington, DC 20409 SPACE-TYPE FREEZE-DEHYDRATED FOODS: Oregon Freeze-Dry Foods, Inc., PO Box 1048, Albany, OR 97321 Sam-Andy Foods, PO Box 1120, Colton, CA 92324 Freeze Dry Products, 321 Eighth Street, NW, Evansville, IL 47708 G. Armanino & Sons, Inc., 1970 Carroll Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94124 Spaceland Enterprises, PO Box 775, Merritt Island, FL 32952 Sky-Lab Foods, Inc., 177 Lake Street, White Plains, NY 10604 GEWA Vistor Center Gift Shop, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 Action Products, Inc., 344 Cypress Rd., Ocala, FL 32672 SOLAR SYSTEM INFORMATION, CHARTS, ETC.: The Hansen Planetarium, (for publications) 1845 South 300 West A, Salt Lake City, UT 84115-1804. Toll-free Phone (800) 321-2369 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Graden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Ave., San Francisco, CA 94112 The Planetary Society, 65 N. Catalina Ave., Pasadena, CA 91106 SPECIAL SOURCES: Abstracts of technical reports on imagery from Earth Resources Satellites (LANDSAT) funded by NASA, prepared and distributed by National Technical Service of Department of Commerce as a weekly bulletin; abstracts on NASA-owned inventions available for licensing: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Services Springfield, VA 22161 LANDSAT photographs and digital products are available from: Technology Applications Center specializes in remote sensing University of New Mexico technology Albuquerque, NM 87106 EOSAT LANDSAT c/o EROS Data Center Sioux Falls, SD 57198 National Climatic Center data in oceanographic, NOAA Environmental Data Services hydrologic, and atmospheric Federal Building sciences Asheville, NC 28801 Western Aerial Photograph Laboratory agriculture imagery and data Agricultural Stabilization & Conversation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 2502 Parley's Way Salt Lake City, UT 84109 POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER DISTRIBUTOR Energy Vent, Inc. 915 Valley Street Dayton, OH 45404 AVIATION EDUCATION MATERIALS Beech Aircraft Corporation Aviation Education Dept. 95 9709 East Central Wichita, KS 67201 Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_15_2.TXT NOTE: This file is too large {15525 bytes} for inclusion in this collection. The first line of the file: Liftoff To Learning Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_15_3.TXT NOTE: This file is too large {18172 bytes} forinclusion in this collection. The first line of the file: Liftoff To Learning "Go For EVA" Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_15_4.TXT NOTE: This file is too large {19044 bytes} for inclusion in this collection. The first line of the file: Liftoff To Learning "Newton in Space" Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_15_5.TXT NOTE: This file is too large {18953 bytes} for inclusion in this collection. The first line of the file: ALL SYSTEMS GO VIDEO RESOURCE GUIDE Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_15_6.TXT NOTE: This file is too large {16314 bytes} for inclusion in this collection. The first line of the file: THE ATMOSPHERE BELOW VIDEO RESOURCE GUIDE Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:9_15_7.TXT NOTE: This file is too large {25787 bytes} for inclusion in this collection. The first line of the file: VOYAGE OF ENDEAVOUR VIDEO RESOURCE GUIDE Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61 =--=--=-END-=--=--= =--=END OF COLLECTION---COLLECTED 17 FILES---COMPLETED 21:05:44=--=